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PLANT ENCYCLOPEDIA

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Cannabis

Cannabis sativa

Cannabis sativa is a fast-growing annual herb with an upright, branching habit. Its leaves are palmately compound, typically with 5-7 lanceolate, serrated leaflets. Small greenish flowers appear in summer and autumn; female plants produce resinous, seed-bearing inflorescences. It is grown for fibre, seeds and medicinal compounds, and can also be cultivated as an architectural foliage plant.

Natal lily

Clivia miniata

A perennial forming a clump of evergreen, strap-like leaves to 60cm in length, with erect stems bearing a terminal umbel of funnel-shaped, yellow-throated, orange-red flowers up to 7cm in length

Ti plant

Cordyline fruticosa

Cordyline fruticosa is an evergreen shrub reaching up to 2-3 meters in height. It has erect stems with a tuft of sword-shaped or lanceolate leaves at the top, each 30-60 cm long. The foliage exhibits a wide range of colors, including deep green, purple-red, and pink variegation, making it highly ornamental. In spring and summer, small pale purple flowers appear on panicles. It is popular as a foliage houseplant or for tropical landscaping.

coriander

Coriandrum sativum

An annual with aromatic, pinnate to 3-pinnate leaves, the upper ones with linear segments, and compound umbels of small white or purplish flowers, followed by aromatic fruits used in cooking

cucumber

Cucumis sativus

The wild species of cucumber from which all other cultivars have been derived. It is a deciduous, annual, vining plant to 2m (6½ft) high, climbing by means of thin tendrils at the leaf nodes and producing yellow separate male and female flowers on the same plant the females after pollination, bearing the familiar, cylindrical, dark green, edible fruit, up to 40cm (16in) in length

Rabbit's Foot Fern

Rabbit's Foot Fern

Davallia fejeensis

Davallia fejeensis, commonly known as Rabbit's Foot Fern, is a charming epiphytic fern with creeping rhizomes covered in soft, fuzzy brown scales resembling rabbit's feet. The fronds are finely divided, triangular in outline, and bright green, giving a delicate lace-like appearance. This compact, clump-forming plant grows slowly and is highly valued as a houseplant for its unique rhizomes and attractive foliage.

Snake Plant

Dracaena angolensis

Dracaena angolensis, commonly known as snake plant or African spear, is a succulent perennial with upright, cylindrical, dark green leaves that are banded with lighter green or greyish patterns. It typically grows 60–120 cm tall, forming dense clumps of stiff, spear-like foliage. The leaves are smooth, fleshy, and often have a pointed tip. Small, fragrant greenish-white flowers may appear on a tall spike in summer, though flowering is rare indoors. Its architectural form and low maintenance make it a popular choice for modern interiors.

Cape sundew

Drosera capensis

An evergreen carnivorous perennial, with rosettes of long, narrowly spoon-shaped leaves, covered in glandular red or pink hairs which are used to trap and digest insect prey. Clusters of pink flowers are produced from spring to autumn, and occasionally into winter

Mexican hens

Echeveria shaviana

An evergreen succulent forming a rosette to 18cm across. The glaucous, grey-green leaves are crimped at the margins and become pink-flushed with age. Bell-shaped pink flowers are carried on 30cm tall, branched stems in summer

queen of the night

queen of the night

Epiphyllum oxypetalum

An erect, branching, epiphytic cactus to 2m, with cylindrical stems and flat, spineless, leaf-like branches to 40cm long. In late spring and early summer it produces huge, very fragrant, waterlily-like flowers to 25cm across; these open at dusk and close again in the morning

Marble Queen Pothos

Marble Queen Pothos

Epipremnum aureum 'Marble Queen'

Epipremnum aureum 'Marble Queen' is a popular variegated cultivar of the species, with heart-shaped leaves marbled in shades of green, white, and cream. It grows as a climbing or trailing vine, often used as a houseplant. The striking foliage provides year-round ornamental value, and its ability to thrive in low light makes it a versatile choice.

poinsettia

Euphorbia pulcherrima

A semi-evergreen shrub with large, bluntly toothed, ovate leaves and tiny yellow flowers with leaf-like bright red bracts, opening in winter

Cape jasmine

Gardenia jasminoides

A large evergreen shrub with deep glossy green, elliptic leaves and very fragrant, broadly funnel-shaped white flowers 8cm across in summer and autumn

rattlesnake plant

rattlesnake plant

Goeppertia insignis

An evergreen perennial to 60cm, forming a clump with undulate, lance-shaped pale green leaves with dark patches either side of the midrib, deep purple beneath. Small yellow flowers appear in short spikes in summer

Red Ivy

Hemigraphis alternata

Hemigraphis alternata is a low-growing, trailing perennial with oval, slightly puckered leaves that display a metallic green to purple sheen, often with reddish undersides. The plant forms dense mats and produces small, white tubular flowers in summer, though it is primarily grown for its striking foliage. Its compact, creeping habit makes it ideal for hanging baskets, terrariums, or as ground cover in humid environments.

fragrant plantain lily

fragrant plantain lily

Hosta plantaginea

H. plantaginea forms a large dome-shaped mound, to 60cm high, with mid-green, glossy leaves and white flowers, very fragrant at night and borne on stems to 80cm, from late summer to autumn

sentry palm

Howea forsteriana

H. forsteriana is a single-stemmed evergreen palm to 2m in height, with dark green leaves to 1.5m in length, pinnately divided into several narrow segments. Flowers seldom produced under glass

wax plant

Hoya carnosa

A vigorous evergreen stem-rooting climber to 5m, with rigid, fleshy dark green leaves and umbels of night-scented, waxy, red-centred, white or pale pink flowers 15mm across

Hindu rope plant

Hindu rope plant

Hoya carnosa compacta

Hoya carnosa 'Compacta' is a slow-growing evergreen succulent climber with slender stems bearing curious, twisted, folded waxy grey-green leaves. In summer it produces rounded umbels of waxy, star-shaped, pale pink to white flowers with a small pinkish-purple central corona; the flowers are sweetly scented, especially in the evening. The unusual curled foliage provides year-round interest and makes it a popular hanging-basket or trained container plant. It is epiphytic in habit and is very tolerant of occasional missed waterings if grown in an open, well-drained compost.

common morning glory

common morning glory

Ipomoea purpurea

A short-lived perennial twining climber to 5m tall, usually grown as an annual. Leaves are heart-shaped or three-lobed. Flowers borne from summer into early autumn are funnel-shaped, 3-6cm in diameter and deep purple to bluish-purple or a reddish-purple with white throats

Arabian jasmine

Arabian jasmine

Jasminum sambac

J. sambac is a twining or scrambling evergreen shrub with glossy simple leaves and clusters of very fragrant white flowers 2.5cm across, in summer and sporadically at other times

desert cabbage

Kalanchoe luciae

A short-stemmed perennial succulent to 15cm tall, with upright rosettes of bright green, rigid, fleshy, rounded leaves; these become red-flushed in good light. In early summer the rosettes may elongate into a 60cm tall flowerstalk; this is crowded with small, scented, pale yellow flowers. After flowering the rosette dies, but there are usually many small plantlets forming around the base

Peppermint

Mentha piperita

Mentha piperita, commonly known as peppermint, is a vigorous herbaceous perennial with dark green, pointed leaves that are strongly aromatic and have a cooling, peppery taste. In summer it produces slender spikes of small, pale purple or pink flowers that attract bees and butterflies. The plant spreads rapidly via underground runners, forming dense clumps that can become invasive if not controlled. Its ornamental value lies in the lush foliage and the refreshing scent that fills the garden.

Thai Constellation Monstera

Thai Constellation Monstera

Monstera deliciosa 'Thai Constellation'

Monstera deliciosa 'Thai Constellation' is a striking variegated cultivar of the Swiss cheese plant, known for its large, deep green leaves adorned with creamy white or pale yellow patches and marbling. The foliage is deeply lobed and develops characteristic fenestrations (holes) as it matures, giving it a unique tropical appearance. This climbing aroid produces aerial roots that help it attach to supports, making it ideal for indoor trellises or moss poles. Its compact growth habit and eye-catching variegation make it a highly sought-after houseplant for adding a touch of exotic elegance to interiors.